The Rise Of International Trade - 1283 Words

The rise of international trade has led to the erosion of physical barriers as it has given way to instruments such as globalization. As a result of increase cooperation amongst trading partners has been made possible through the rising amount of trade agreements. For example, bilateral trade agreements have grown considerably in popularity as, most of present day countries have entered into at least a bilateral or plurilateral trade agreements if not both. The lack of a bilateral trade agreement between the United States and Brazil, the two largest economies in the western hemisphere, derives from personal motivations, political setting and relations, as well as the overall economic development of each country. Literature on trade agreements, not specifically on the relation between those two countries, can be divided into three schools of thoughts. Literature on the first category takes a motivational approach to explain trade agreements, emphasizing countries’ interests behind their settlement. Secondly, the literature focuses on the political settings and relations affecting trade agreements, which include domestic politics and the involvement of a country in other trade agreements. Lastly, the literature discusses the level of economic development of the countries involved and its implications to trade agreements. Regarding the motives behind a country’s participation on a trade agreement, this first school of thought tries to explain what influences countriesShow MoreRelated Illicit Trade and Drug Trafficking Proving to be a Major Problem1291 Words   |  6 Pages Illicit Trade and Drug Trafficking Proving to be a Major Problem Drug trafficking and illicit trade have proven to be major problems that the international community face as it enters into the twenty-first century. Currently the illegal drug trade market is one of the largest sectors of the modern global economy. Because of this fact, the drug trade is deeply rooted in many nations economic and social cultures, which makes it very difficult to control. Drug trafficking also brings with it theRead MoreMarket Forces Shape Organisational Responses Using A Range Of Examples?1086 Words   |  5 Pages and material resources. Forces of demand and supply representing the aggregate influence of buyers and sellers on price and quantity of the goods and services offered in a market. 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It is referred to as sales which cross juridical bordersRead MoreInternational Order : The United States1381 Words   |  6 Pages To start with, what is international order? International order can be defined as an order in which countries are ranked internationally. These countries are ranked based on their economy and GDP, their Geopolitical zone, hard power (army, navy, air force), soft power (diplomatic means, export, import). As of right now, the United States is ranked as the first country in the international economic order, and following the United States is China. This order is what controls the demand and the supplyRead MoreEco 372 Week 5919 Words   |  4 PagesInternational Trade and Finance Speech International Trade and Finance Speech The current state of the U.S. macro economy is made up of a plethora of highly involved processes. I am going to attempt to explain some simple terms and concepts focused on international trade and foreign exchange rates. 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Police Corruption Free Essays

Police corruption is the misuse of police authority for personal gain. Examples include extortion (for example, demanding money for not writing traffic tickets) and bribery (for example, accepting money in exchange for not enforcing the law). The costs of police corruption Police corruption carries high costs. We will write a custom essay sample on Police Corruption or any similar topic only for you Order Now First, a corrupt act is a crime. Second, police corruption detracts from the integrity of the police and tarnishes the public image of law enforcement. Third, corruption protects other criminal activity such as drug dealing and prostitution. Protected criminal activities are often lucrative sources of income for organized crime. The causes of police corruption According to the rotten apple theory, corruption is the work of a few, dishonest, immoral police officers. Experts dismiss this theory because it fails to explain why so many corrupt officers become concentrated in some police organizations but not others. Another explanation pinpoints U.S. society’s use of the criminal law to enforce morality. Unenforceable laws governing moral standards promote corruption because they provide criminal organizations with a financial interest in undermining law enforcement. Narcotic corruption, for example, is an inevitable consequence of drug enforcement. Providers of these illegal goods and service use part of their profits to bribe the police in order to ensure the continuation of criminal enterprises. Rooting out police corruption When police controls break down and a scandal occurs, special investigating commissions can mobilize public opinion and rally public support for anticorruption and antiviolence reforms. Commissions get information from the police department, pinpoint where the internal controls of the police have failed, and recommend changes in policy. The problem with these commissions is that they usually disappear after finishing their reports. Paul Chevigny asserts that continuing independent auditors would be more effective than commissions. He envisions the function of such auditors as investigating a range of police problems, including corruption and  brutality. Prosecuting corrupt police officers Since corruption involves criminal behavior, prosecution of corrupt police officers is possible. Since prosecutors depend on the police to gather evidence and develop cases, however, they often don’t want to â€Å"bite the hand that feeds them.† Legislative control Legislators could reevaluate laws that create the potential for corruption. Such a reassessment would be based on the recognition that a major portion of police corruption is an outgrowth of laws that criminalize drug use, prostitution, and gambling. Any serious attempt to fight police corruption must wrestle with the decriminalization issue. Decriminalization involves removing the criminal label from victimless crimes by legalizing and regulating them. Decriminalization would contribute significantly to improving the police corruption problem. It is doubtful, however, that Congress or any state legislature will seriously consider legalizing drugs or any other prohibited goods and services in the near future. How to cite Police Corruption, Papers Police Corruption Free Essays Drug-Related Police Corruption: An Increasing Problem Throughout Law Enforcement Agencies In The United States In the United States, drug-related police corruption is becoming an increasingly, unjustifiable problem throughout the ranks of law enforcement agencies. Many variables exist to explain the reason for their actions, but ultimately, what makes them do it? Knowing how to recognize a corrupted officer or one exhibiting signs of traveling down the wrong path is essential in order to mitigate the problem. Law enforcement leadership also plays a vital role in the identity and prevention of drug-related corruption. We will write a custom essay sample on Police Corruption or any similar topic only for you Order Now Drug-related police corruption is any act by a sworn police officer that is the sale, manufacture, distribution or supporting of drug activities for the personal gain of the officer. Why is this corruption a problem? Many law enforcement officers who are sworn in to protect the lives of our citizens, to abide and uphold the law, are doing the exact opposite, and this is a problem. The purpose of the study is to provide empirical data on cases of drug-related police corruption. It identifies and describes incidents in which police officers are arrested for criminal offenses associated with drug-related corruption. Data was analyzed on 221 drug-related arrest cases of officers employed by police agencies throughout the USA. Findings show that drug-related corruption involves a wide range of criminal offenses and that cocaine is the most prevalent drug. Older officers and those used by large companies are less likely than others to lose their jobs after a drug-related arrest (Philip Stinson, 2013). Drug-related police corruption is a problem that will not go away on its own which is evident by the statistics. The first step in preventing corruption would be to recognize the signs of a corrupted officer. Learn what puts an officer at risk of becoming corrupted, and what makes them defy the law they swore to uphold, protect and defend. Drug corruption is born out of police attitudes because if an officer is lacking the right attitude then corruption can become a mainstay for that officer (Cheurprakobkit, 1998). For example, if any officers believe that the enforcement of drug laws is a waste of their time and that they are underpaid, they may accept a bribe from a drug trafficker to allow the trade. This places a little more money in their pocket and allows them not to worry about enforcing a law they may not agree with. Knowing how to identify the signs of a corrupted officer is a necessary step to decreasing the amount of drug-related corruption, and may one day lead to mitigating the issue. What leads law enforcement to corruption? After looking at yearly sales of different drugs in the United States, it was found that weed brings in about $3 billion dollars, heroin $10 billion, and cocaine, a whopping $38 billion dollars annually (Stevens, 1999). If you pay attention to these numbers, you can clearly see how easy it would be for a low paid, frustrated police officer to turn corrupt and help with the sale, transport, or manufacturing of illegal substances. To reduce police corruption, the commissions recommend creating external oversight over the police with a unique focus on integrity, improving recruitment and training, guidance from supervisors of all ranks about integrity, holding all commanders responsible for the misbehavior of subordinates, and changing the organization’s culture to tolerate misbehavior less (Perito, 2011). While drug-related police corruption continues to pose a threat at some level in every law enforcement agency, it does not necessarily mean there is a high percentage of corrupt law enforcement officials. While it is a problem, it could be prevented with proactive steps – observing the actions and lifestyles of these police officers. There is an opportunity for corruption wherever there are drugs present, and no law enforcement official should be above suspicion. Corruption has been identified at the lowest and highest levels. How to cite Police Corruption, Papers

Research Proposal on the Marketing and Promotional Strategies

Question: The report describes a business research proposal on the marketing and promotional strategies of a food company of Australia named 7 Chefs Pty Ltd. Answer: Introduction The business research proposal deals with the description of the functioning of an organisation named 7 Chefs Pty Ltd. The company 7 Chefs Pty Ltd is based in Australia. The founders of the company established and started the business of the company way back in 1996. The main line of production of the company is that it manufactures prepared and canned food products. The company specialises in production of other miscellaneous food items. The company belongs to the sector of Consumer Staples in Australia. The industry in which the company belongs is the industry for the consumer food products. The company also manufactures packaged food products (7 Chefs 2016). The company 7 Chefs Pty Ltd is a top ranked manufacturer of the food product pasta. The foundation of the company was laid in 1986 as Casa Della Pasta. At that time the company produced pasta by machines that were operated manually. The company produced gourmet pasta in small quantities in those days in a little shop in Victoria. In 1996, the ownership of the company changed from one hand to another. The new owners of the company had 30 years of experience in the food and beverage industry. With the help of this experience the new owners of the company have developed the company to what it is today. The company 7 Chefs is developing its techniques of production constantly (Sacks et al. 2015). The company ensure that they produce the best quality of gourmet and traditional pasta. The company claims that they use the freshest and purest form of ingredients to produce the pasta. The company claims that they use the technology of individual quick freeze and pasteurization techniques that would enhance the life of the food products. The company claim that they do not add any external preservatives (Meloncelli et al. 2015). The product that the company produces is very fascinating to the buyers. The company is very consistent in their line of production. The company adopts different techniques to promote their products and to associate with the customers (Moodie et al. 2013). The topic of the research is to identify the effect of these promotional strategies on the customers. The research would also investigate the effect of adequacy of these strategies on the customers. Literature review of the topic There are many scholars and researchers who have conducted extensive studies on the food and beverage industry of Australia. The studies reveal that Australia is the worlds leading source of innovative, safe and high quality processed food products. The food market of Australia shows immense expertise in the production of best quality food items. The country uses the processed food items for both the domestic as well as export markets (Mills 2014). Australia supports the beverage and food processors of the country with immense access to raw materials. The country provides security to the processed food suppliers in terms of supply of the products. The Australian economy mainly focuses on the export of improved qualities of processed food products. The international market distinguishes the food and beverage industry of Australia as the highest ranked industry for producing best quality processed food. The food processors in the Australian market have sound experience in manufacturing products that would meet the tastes and preferences of the consumer (Austrade.gov.au 2016). The company 7 Chefs Pty Ltd of Australia is famous for presenting a variety of delicacies of pasta. The company also pays special attention to their sustenance of cleanliness. The company tries to enhance the positive effects that their products have on their customers. In todays times, the dietary habits of people are changing due to the changing pattern of their way of living (Mialon et al. 2016). To cope up with these changing food habits of the customers, the company is trying to enhance their products. The products of the company are well within the reach of the customers. Hence, buyers are very much inclined to buy the pasta produced by the company 7 Chefs. The different other organisations in the food and beverage industry of Australia resort to different methods to connect with their customers. The firms promote their products through advertisements on magazines, television or on the internet (Ronit and Jensen 2014). There are some of the mainstream methods that the company follow to place their food product in the minds and hands of the people of Australia. Some of these mainstream methods that the company 7 Chefs Pty Ltd adopts is promoting their product on television and print media or displaying advertisement of their products on the streets of the cities. The company guides the shoppers to buy their product through their advertisement campaigns. The customers get the idea of the quality of the product that the company produces through the advertisement. The customers are always inclined to the products that cater to their needs. The customers buy mainly those products that have utility value for them (Richards et al. 2015). The company tries to get the idea of what their customers want from them. The company works on their product to satisfy their customers. Researchers have studied the behaviour and the marketing strategies that the firms in the food and beverage industry of Australia adopt to satisfy their customers. Most of the studies reveal that the promotional strategies followed by the companies are the best methods to connect with the customers. Certain promotional strategies of the firms like advertisement draw most of the attention of the customers (Pollard et al. 2016). Research Questions The above discussion on the research topic gives rise to certain questions that the researcher tries to answer by conducting the research. The literature review gives a clear idea of the topic. The literature review of the topic helps the researcher to get an idea about the food and beverage industry of Australia. Moreover, the literature review explains the strategies that the company 7 Chefs Pty Ltd of Australia follow to promote their food product, pasta, in the market. The researcher poses the following research questions that are described below: What are the main issues that connect the company with their customers? What effects the marketing strategies of the company would have on its customers? What are the different ways in which the company can get the idea of the tastes and preferences of their customers? How are advertisements successful in mirroring the buying nature of the target customers of the company? How much commitment do promotional strategies of the company have towards the purchasing behaviour of the customers? The researcher tries to find answers to these questions through this research. Description of research methodologies and techniques The research methodology describes the steps that the researcher would follow to complete the research process. The researcher plans to conduct the research following these few steps: Defining research objective: The researcher would first decide the objective of the research that he is going to conduct. The researcher would explain the topic and give the literature review of the topic. Designing the research: The researcher would make a design of his research. The researcher would frame the procedure of the research. Data collection: The researcher would collect quantitative data from appropriate sources. The researcher would conduct interviews of the people associated with the company through questionnaire. Data analysis: The researcher performs data analysis using suitable statistical techniques. The researcher uses statistical software namely R, SPSS or Ms Excel to analyse the quantitative data. Reporting and conclusion: This is the final step in the research process. The researcher states and explains the findings of the research and draws conclusions from them (Flick 2015). Gantt chart The Gantt chart gives the dates on which the researcher would complete the literature review of the topic, the data collection and analysis and dates for final report submission. The bar diagram depicts the milestones of the research. Task Start date Duration End date Literature Review 13th June 15.00 28th June Data Collection 29th June 60.00 29th Aug Data Analysis 30th Aug 55.00 25th Oct Final Report Submission 26th Oct 30.00 26th Nov Description of the research process To conduct the research, the researcher adopts quantitative data collection methods to gather the desired information from a group of people. The researcher conducts surveys to collect the data. Conducting surveys to extract information from the subjects is the best possible method to collect large data. After collecting the data by conducting the survey, first the researcher ensures whether the people participating in the survey have completed it following all the rules or not. The researcher should conduct the survey in a legitimate way. The researcher utilised normal length of the poles. The researcher consciously maintained a strategic distance in noting down the responses of the people participating in the survey (Lewis 2015). The researcher gathers all the information from the respondents and checks if there is any missing or erroneous information. If the researcher finds any such outliers in the collected responses, he takes necessary actions. The researcher cleans and validates the data collected and brings it to a usable form. The researcher conducted the survey on people who are the regular customers of the company 7 Chefs Pty Ltd in Australia. After collecting the required data, the researcher performed data analysis with the help of the statistical software SPSS 17. The results of the data analysis would provide the answers to the research questions that the researcher posed in his study (Elo et al. 2014). Description of data collection and data analysis techniques The researcher collected the data from 150 people living in Australia. The participants of the survey claim that they have tasted more than 50% of the different flavours of pasta that the company 7 Chefs Pty Ltd manufactures every year. The interviewer collected the data from the respondents with the help of a questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions related to the research. The responded marked their answers on a scale ranging from the option of strongly agree to the option of strongly disagree (Ott and Longnecker 2015). The surveyor explained the method of giving the answers to the questions to the respondents with the help of the internet. The questionnaire contained some of the questions like are the promotional strategies of the company highly committed to the tastes of the customers? or can the company connect with their customers very efficiently? among a few others. After collecting the data, the researcher would conduct a qualitative analysis test on the data. This would help the researcher to understand the mental set-up of the respondents. This would eventually help the researcher to find the answers to the research questions (Gale et al. 2013). The experimenter would also perform quantitative analysis of the numerical data that he has collected from different sources. Quantitative analysis of the data would include finding some of the descriptive statistics measures of the data. The descriptive statistics measures include the median, mean, standard deviation and variance of the data. The analyst would perform multivariate regression analysis on the multivariate data to find the value of some dependent variable based on the values of the independent variables (Heller et al. 2015). To draw inferences from the statistical data, the analyst may perform some hypothesis testing on the data. The researcher would perform all the data analysis using the statistical software SPSS 17. Expected research outcome By conducting the research, the researcher expects that he can draw some positive conclusions on the topic of the research. The research would reveal that the company 7 Chefs in Australia promotes their delicacies to the people mainly during their festive season. This is an important strategy of the company as this would draw in more customers. The research would also reveal what traditional or modern methods of promotions the company adopts. The researcher expects that the research would reflect the factors governing the purchasing behaviour of the customers. One such factor can be the image of the brand in the minds of the people. The research would also reveal how promotions can make or break the views of the customers regarding the product. Conclusion The research highlights some important aspects of the promotional strategies that the company 7 Chefs Pty Ltd in Australia adopts to connect with their customers. The research very efficiently answers the questions that were extracted from the literature review of the topic. The study reveals that the company makes advertisement following all the norms that would catch the fancy of their customers. This is a very efficient method of connecting with their customers. Hence, this research would benefit both the customers and the company as a whole. References: 7 Chefs. (2016). 7 Chefs - About Us. Austrade.gov.au. (2016). Food and Beverage - Austrade's industry capability information - Austrade. Elo, S., Kriinen, M., Kanste, O., Plkki, T., Utriainen, K. and Kyngs, H., 2014. Qualitative content analysis.SAGE open,4(1), p.2158244014522633. Flick, U., 2015.Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage Gale, N.K., Heath, G., Cameron, E., Rashid, S. and Redwood, S., 2013. Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research.BMC medical research methodology,13(1), p.117. Heller, M., Hannig, J. and Leadbetter, M.R., 2015. Optimal sample planning for system state analysis with partial data collection.Stat,4(1), pp.69-80. Lewis, S., 2015. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches.Health promotion practice, p.1524839915580941. Meloncelli, N.J., Pelly, F.E. and Cooper, S.L., 2015. Nutritional quality of a selection of children's packaged food available in Australia.Nutrition Dietetics. Mialon, M., Swinburn, B., Allender, S. and Sacks, G., 2016. Systematic examination of publicly-available information reveals the diverse and extensive corporate political activity of the food industry in Australia.BMC public health,16(1), p.1. Mills, C., 2014. Changes to industry self-regulation of unhealthy food advertising to children in Australia: What the processed food and beverage industries hoped you wouldnt notice in 2014.Obesity Research Clinical Practice,8, pp.67-68. Moodie, R., Stuckler, D., Monteiro, C., Sheron, N., Neal, B., Thamarangsi, T., Lincoln, P., Casswell, S. and Lancet NCD Action Group, 2013. Profits and pandemics: prevention of harmful effects of tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed food and drink industries.The Lancet,381(9867), pp.670-679. Ott, R.L. and Longnecker, M., 2015.An introduction to statistical methods and data analysis. Nelson Education.